改性纳米碳酸钙用于硅酮胶挤出性研究

采用碳化法合成纳米碳酸钙,在反应过程中,调整反应起始温度合成不同晶型大小的纳米碳酸钙。通过透射电镜（TEM）、激光粒度仪对碳酸钙的物相、形貌、粒度进行分析,将改性纳米碳酸钙应用于硅酮胶基料制备及挤出性研究,分析改性纳米碳酸钙的颗粒大小、分散性、流变性能及表面改性剂对挤出性的影响。结果表明：粒径介于50~90 nm,屈服值介于66.4~148.9 Pa,黏度介于0.5~0.75 mPa·s,硬脂酸钠与LH-2、LH-3两种包覆剂进行复配改性的纳米碳酸钙用于硅酮胶基料具有较好的挤出性能。     

Zirconia ultrafiltration membranes on silicon carbide substrate: microstructure and water flux

This study reported the preparation of ZrO₂/SiC ceramic membrane with silicon carbide as the substrate and intermediate layers and zirconia as the selective layer. The substrate and intermediate layers were sintered by evaporation-condensation process at 2200 and 1900 ℃, respectively. After sintering, the intermediate layer presented layer thickness of 50 μm, pore size of 0.87 μm and pure water permeability of 2140 L/(m²·h). The selective lay was deposited on the silicon carbide substrate by dip-coating method and then sintered in the temperature range from 800 to 1000 ℃. For the membrane coated by one dip-coating cycle and sintered at 800 ℃, it presented average pores of 82 nm and water flux of 850 L/(m²·h). Due to the exclusion of low-melting oxides during sintering, the ZrO₂/SiC ceramic membrane can satisfy the separation and purification of chemical corrosion and high temperature wastewater.     

热变形对GH4169合金中NbC析出相尺寸形貌影响研究

通过Gleeble3500热模拟试验机进行热压缩试验并结合微观组织观察和统计分析，研究了热变形对GH4169合金中NbC颗粒尺寸形貌、分布特征的影响规律。研究表明压缩过程中的绝热效应会导致试样心部温度的进一步升高，从而为变形过程中的NbC回溶提供条件。NbC颗粒与基体在变形过程中形成的高位错密度区促进了元素的扩散，并加速了小曲率半径的尖角区域回溶和钝化。随变形量的增加NbC回溶趋势增加，其平均尺寸与体积分数均呈降低趋势。变形过程金属流动会促进NbC颗粒的位移，在70%的变形量下，NbC颗粒平均间距增加趋势显著高于30%和50%变形量试样。因此随变形量的增加，NbC颗粒有从链状→链条弯曲→链条方向改变→弥散分布的分布特征，促进基体中原链状NbC呈细小、弥散分布。研究结果为GH4169闪光焊接性能的提高提供了直接的参考。     

哈氏合金X电子束表面处理微观组织研究

哈氏合金因其优良性能被广泛应用于航空工业,利用强流脉冲电子束(HCPEB)轰击哈氏合金X表面对其进行改性,并对其显微组织进行分析和讨论。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察腐蚀后试样,利用电子背散射衍射(EBSD)观察未腐蚀试样。结果表明：从扫描电镜照片可以看到,未轰击试样晶界被腐蚀,轰击后试样表面存在约为2μm的重熔层,腐蚀程度减轻,晶界处出现颗粒状碳化物；从EBSD结果可知,轰击5次试样晶粒尺寸最小,轰击5次和10次试样晶粒取向性更好,多为[101]和[110]。实验表明强流脉冲电子束轰击能够使哈氏合金X表面出现重熔层,并改变其晶粒大小和晶体取向。     

Fine-tuned,molecular-composite,organosilica membranes for highly efficient propylene/propane separation via suitable pore size

Fine-tuned, molecular-composite, organosilica membranes were fabricated via the co-condensation of organosilica precursors bis(triethoxysilyl)acetylene (BTESA) and bis(triethoxysilyl)benzene (BTESB). Fourier transform infrared and UV–vis spectra confirmed the co-condensation behaviors of BTESA and BTESB. The evolution of the network structure indicated that the incorporated BTESB decreased the membrane pore size, which was determined by a modified gas translation model according to the steric effect of the phenyl groups. The incorporation of BTESB to BTESA finely tuned the membrane structure and endowed the resultant composite membrane with improved separation properties. The BTESAB 9:1 membrane (molar ratio of BTESA/BTESB was 9:1) exhibited high C₃H₆ permeance at 4.5 × 10⁻⁸ mol m⁻² s⁻¹ Pa⁻¹ and a C₃H₆/C₃H₈ permeance ratio of 33 at 50°C. One of the most important developments of this study involved clearly defining the relationship between membrane pore size and C₃H₆/C₃H₈ separation performance for organosilica membranes in single and binary separation systems.     

Preparation of near net size porous alumina-calcium aluminate ceramics by gelcasting-pore-forming agent processs

In the processing of porous ceramics, shrinkage from green body to sintered compact during drying and sintering is one of the key concerns which affect microstructure and properties of porous ceramics. Through releasing gases from the burning of the pore forming agents, and volume expansion from the formation of low density resultants during sintering, the sintering shrinkage can be effectively compensated and near net size preparation can be achieved. Herein, near net size porous alumina-calcium aluminate ceramics with controllable shrinkage have been prepared using a combination of gelcasting and pore-forming agent process by adjusting the amount of CaCO₃ and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) microspheres added. Al₂O₃ and CaCO₃ were used as raw materials, PMMA microspheres were used as pore-forming agent, isobutylene/maleic anhydride copolymer (Isobam104) was used as gelling agent and dispersing agent. The effects of the addition amounts of CaCO₃ and PMMA in the slurry on the phase composition, shrinkage, porosity, and strength of porous alumina-calcium aluminate ceramics were investigated. The results show that as the CaCO₃ addition amount increases from 0 to 20 wt%, the shrinkage of the samples gradually decreases from 7.3% to −1.4%, and the consequent porosity increases from 58% to 66%, while the compressive strength increases from 5.9 to 15.5 MPa. When PMMA content increases from 10 to 50 wt%, the shrinkage of the samples decreases first and then increases, the porosity increases from 51% to 74%, and the compressive strength decreases from 12.5 to 5.3 MPa. The mechanisms for controlling shrinkages during preparation of porous alumina-calcium aluminate ceramics can be attributed to the following aspects: on one hand, gas release from burning of PMMA and decomposition of CaCO₃ during sintering; on the other hand, volume expansion due to the formation of lower density calcium aluminates which come from the reactions between CaO and Al₂O₃. The near net size preparation technique is of great significance for the manufacture of porous ceramics since the subsequent machining cost can be effectively reduced.     

A facile pathway to prepare molybdenum boride powder from molybdenum and boron carbide

Molybdenum boride is an ideal hard and wear-resistant material. In this study, a new method is proposed for preparing molybdenum boride, by which Mo first reacts with B₄C to generate the mixture of molybdenum boride and C, and then the product is decarburized by molten Ca to generate CaC₂. Pure molybdenum boride could be obtained after acid leaching to remove the by-product CaC₂. According to the experimental and thermodynamic calculation results, it is concluded that the single-phase MoB could be successfully prepared, while Mo₂B, Mo₂B₅, and MoB₄ could not be synthesized by this method. Moreover, it was found that the particle size of finally prepared MoB is determined by particle size of raw Mo powder. The residual carbon content of the product could be decreased to 0.10 wt% after first reaction at 1673 K for 6 hours and then decarburization reaction at 1673 K for 6 hours.     

Strategy to design high performance TiB2-based materials: Strengthen grain boundaries by solid solute segregation

TiB₂ exhibits a unique combination of excellent properties that make it promising candidate for applications in extreme environments, where retention of strength at high temperatures is essential. Tailoring grain boundary properties by segregation is believed a prominent way to design high-temperature performance of ceramics. In this work, segregation tendencies of solute elements, including Sc, Y, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, and W, in TiB₂ grain boundaries and the strengthening/weakening effects induced by segregations are investigated by first-principles calculations. The results reveal that small atoms tend to segregate to grain boundary sites with local compression strains, while large atoms prefer grain boundary sites with local expansion strains. Deteriorated grain boundary strength is usually caused by additional expansion strain induced by segregation, while improved grain boundary strength results from either enhanced local bonding induced by segregation of small atoms or increased fracture strain due to segregation of large atoms. Cr and V, especially Cr, exhibit strong segregation tendency and improvement on grain boundary strength, which provides useful guidelines for the design of high performance TiB₂-based materials.     

Werkstoffliche Aufbereitung von Wärmedämmverbundsystemen

Due to increasing energy requirements for buildings, thermal insulation composite systems (TICS) have been used to insulate building facades since the 1970s. In view of the longevity of these composite materials, there has been an increased amount of TICS waste in recent years. Since there is no current recycling concept for these systems, an enormous resource efficiency potential remains unused. Due to the complexity of composite materials this study focuses on the pretreatment and discusses different processing steps in detail.     

Digital Extraction Column: Measurement and Modeling Techniques

The digitization of extraction columns requires a profound knowledge of the present hydrodynamics/mass transport interaction as well as appropriate measurement techniques for the detection of relevant input and target values. In this article, the different techniques for droplet size distribution as well as concentration determination are presented and new methods for online evaluation are discussed. In combination with the simulation of droplet size, holdup and solute concentration distribution, an online-capable process tool for controlling and optimizing extraction columns will be obtained.